Manufacture of hollow ware.



G.l c. srwnm. WIANUFACTURE 0F HOLLOW WARE.

G. c. SNYDER.

MANUFACTURE 0F HOLLOW WARE.

AAPPLICATION FILED JULY 23.1917.

Patented .1I my 2, 1918..

4 SHEETS-SHEE' 2.

G. C. SNYDER.

MANUFACTURE or HoLLow WARE.

LSD@lT/@y@g@m n APP-LICATION FILED JULY 23.1917. Patented July 2,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. C. SNYDER.

MANUFACTUHE 0F HOLLOW WARE.

APPLICATION FILED uLY 23. |917.

l ppQm v Patented July 2, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

4 moa/miic@ lill erahnen c. sirvienta, er rtnw wenn, it. r., assreuton ro wratten n. ravis, ann-eran,

or new vean, n, r.

' MNUFMCTURE Olli' HOLLOW WthN'lEi.

specification of Lettera hantent.

application nled July 23, im?. serial No. Naim..

To all whom 'it may concern:

.Be it known that lt, Grenen 0C- Nirvana, a

citizen of the lUnited States, residing at New enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

'llhe present invention relates to a process of manufacturing hollow articles such as barrels, kegs, cartons, pails, tubs and the like. While the invention mayhnd its widest held of usefulness in the manufacture of containers` and receptacles for all purposes, itis not limited to such classes of articles but may .be used for the production of tubular structures adapted for a wide variety of uses, especially in the manufacture of furniture andbsimilar articles.

llt is an object of the present invention to produce articles of the above character quickly and cheaply by a veornparatively` simple operation which consists of winding strips of materialwith permanently united overlapping convolutons'to form a pair of oppositely directed tapering members, which,

.in case the article is to be a barrel, are then' united to each` other by a further winding operation of the same material. The articles thus produced maybe treated either during the process of formation or afterward with ,l any suitable substance to render them inipervious to the action of any liquids or other materials which it is intendedthey shall contain. A

4lt is also contemplated that `:the process shall permit the articles to be given a wide variety of shapes to ybest adapt them for their intended uses.

' Heretofore containers have been made by winding paper or container-,board into the shape of drums and sometimes4 reinforced by hoops. Containers 4of this general type with slight modications have gone 'into extensive use in sizes ranging-from small mailof several gallons, but so far as` lt am aware .it has never been possible to give to any of these wound containers the correct shape of a barrel having an arch or bilge midway be-I tween the ends. lt may be laid down as an essential requirement for barrels designed to carry heavy loads that they be thus formed in order to lobtain the strength of the arched or bilged portion as well as to permit of their being easily turned up on end, or conveniently directed in their course when rolled along.

The present invention avoids diiiculties attending the previously described methods of manufacturing hollow articles by providing a novel mode of constructing the articles at a minimum of expense; rllhe invention has the further advantage thatthe articles may bev constructed of a wide variety of substancesv ranging from metallic strips, or mineral fibers such as asbestos, to the commonest forms of vegetable ber, such as the pulp of straw or wood, the only requirement Patented dnly, lidia,

being that thematerial must be capable of beingvformed into ribbons or webs of great length such as the rolls of paper commonly used for newspapers, and preferably the material, if paper,l should be practically free vfrom sizings, fillers and the finishing substances generally found in commercial papers and which do not add stren th.

'lhe present invention s ould be distinguished from-those processes foi` producing tubes and cylindrical containers having straight, parallel sides, as well as all the processes now in common use for making stock may be 'fed to the apparatus upon I btt which it is wound into shape. lEven with the use of any of these commonA forms of apparatus the result is at besttheproduction of articles having straight, plane parallel sides, no bilge nor Hare nor taper being v possible.

The present invention makes possible the 4 use of strips of material vpreviously coated `with a suitable solidified, or dry, adhesive which is moistened just prior to the winding operation. By means of this method the strips may beV fed rapidly to the 4apparatus and the speed of production isthereby increased over those processes to, which reference has just been made. Y

In the case of many containers and particularly barrels, the heads are applied after the body of the barrel has been formed and Y the present invention meets this manufac- .turing practice by enabling the articles to be formed with comparatively thick chimes into which the heads may subsequently be driven and retained in place by glue or in vany other manner. y v

rlhe process ofthe present invention has -the .further feature of advantage that articles in the form of bilged barrels as well as articles in the form of tapered pails may be made upon the same machine, which may y bealtered to produce one or the other type of, article -by simply putting into or taking out of action certain knives or slitters as will appear morev clearly from the description of a machine by means of which'the process tial shell of\a barrel;

Fig. 11 is a simple form of the apparatus of the invention may be carried out.-

Such a machine is illustrated in the ac-v companying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a plan view partly in section of the entire machine;

Fig. 2 is a view principally in section along the line 2;2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view in section along the line l3 3 of Fig.j2 showing the devices for cuttmg the strip of paper;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged v1ew showing the devices for pressing out and vwiping off the superfluous moisture when the formation of an article has been completed;

Fig'. 5I is a detailed view showing the two mandrels of the apparatus in engaging position;

Fig. 6 is a view of the mandrel in section alongthe line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a view in section of the mandrels of the apparatus in the position which they occupy at the beginning of a winding op-A eration with a number of layers of material wound thereon;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the mandrels nand thearticle at a later stage of the operation showing the overlapping convolutions,

of the strips;

Fig. 9 1s a similar Aview showing the arlticle after the final winding operation has taken place;

Fig.I 10 is a view of a'completed article which inthe present case is the circumferadapted to produce articles in which the requirements for strength are not as great as-in the case of articles produced by the l apparatus of the former figures; and

Fig. 12 isfa viewV of an article produced upon the machine of Fig. v11.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar parts ing 40, While at its inne end it is formed -longitudinal travel of the mandrels.

Let/'deco throughout the several views, 20 indicates a pair of supports which are attached to a suitable base upon which the apparatus is mounted. Each of the supports is provided with a bearing ring 21. A second pair of supports is mounted between the rst mentioned supports and each ofthem is also provided with bearing rings 22 having the same internal diameter as the bearing rings 21. In the two ,bearing members on each side-of vthe machine is placeda cylindrical mandrel 23 upon which ,the desired article is wound, as will hereining gear 28 on a shaft 29 which is supported 1n bearings 30 formed in the supports 20.

Shaft 29 also carries a pulley 3l adapted to f be connected by a belt 32 to a pulley 33 of any convenient form of starting and reversing gear 34 which is driven from a power shaft 35.

In order to obtain longitudinal movement of the mandrels each` one of them has attached to its outer end a collar 36 having an extended arm 37 provided with a nut 38 through which a screw 39 passes. The screw` 39 is supported at its outer end in a bearas a shaft passing through a sleeve 41 which is rotatably mounted in a bearing 42 in the support 20. A pulley 43 having two faces of different diameters is mounted upon one end of sleeve 41 and the other end of the sleeve is formed as a clutch member 44( The other member of this clutch is in the form of a collar 45 keyed on the end of the shaft portion of 39 so that it may be moved vlongitudinally into or out of engagement with clutch member 44. Clutch teeth 46 are also formed on the outer' face of pulley 43 and these teeth are adapted to be engaged by a clutch collar 47 keyed on that portion of the screw 39 which constitutes 120 a shaft passing through the sleeve 41. Each pulley 43 'is driven by means of a belt 48 passing over a pulley 49 attached to the corresponding end of shaft 29 and having two faces of different diameters.

the shafts 39 may be driven at will to cause As will hereinafter appear, these vclutches are to be thrown /at the proper time in the op- 130 The clutches described above constitute means whereby naraaoo lmanufacturing some kinds of articles the strips of material should be cut in two prior to the winding operation. For this purpose the material after being unwound from the supply roll, is carried over a roller 53 mount:- ed on the edge of a support 54 comprising two vertical columns connected by a shelf 55` above which is acircular knife 56 mounted `eccentrically upon one end of a lever 57-by means of which itimay be depressed to cut thepaper or lifted up to allow'the paper to pass freely over the shelf under the knife. Lever 457 is operated by means of a rod 58 which is connected to one end of a bellv crank lever 59 mounted near the base of support 54. 'lhe other arm of the bell-crank lever contains a. slot through which passes a rod 60 provided with a nut 6'1 adapted to be en- 'gaged by the short arm of the bell-crank lever to actuate the rod 60. rllhe outer end of rod is connected to a crank 63 on theI endof a shaft 64 passing along the front of the machine and near the base thereof. Shaft 64- terminates near the center of the machine and at this vpoint is provided with a vertical arm 65 to which is pivoteda sec- .ond arm- 66 carrying` at its outer end a second circular knife'67. lnorder to retain the arms 65 and 66 in line. and yet permit a certain amount of movement between them a spring 68 wound around the pivot pin 69 between these two arms and having its free end attached to arm 66 is provided. The second knife 67 is adapted to fit into the cut made by the first knilfe 56 and is added to vrinsure that the material is properly slit before being wound into the final form.

' to engage a 'llhe knives described above are adapted to be actuated automatically at certain stages in the operation of the apparatus. Fach mandrel section is provided with ar collar 70 which; when the mandrel reaches the proper point in its longitudinal travel, is adapted \roller 71 on the end of a lever 72 pivoted at 73 and having connected to its other end a rod 74. rlFhis rod 74 carries a pin 75 projecting through a slot in a lever 7 6 pivoted to a bracket 77 which is attached to the support 20. Lever 76 is connected to the movable clutch member 45 and is adapted to be actuated by a rod 78 which passes to a bell crank lever 79 which may be actuated manually by a rod 80 extending to the front of the machine. Ylhe inner end of the lever 72 is adapted to be normally drawn toward the center of the apparatus by a spring 8l'which may be attached in any convenient manner to the support 20 or other fixed part of the machine. As thus far described the elements just referred to, with the exception of the common handle 80, are similar on the two sides of the apparatus, but on one side thereof the rod 74 is extended and carries a cam 82 having an inclined face against which presses a roller 83 on the end of rod 60. With the above arrangement the rod 60 will be actuated by the inclined face of the cam member to carry knife 67 away from the paper and also through the bell-crank lever 59 and rod 58 the first knife 56 will also be lifted out of engagement with they paper and both of these operations will occur when the mandrel has actuated lever 72.

Since the articles are formed by winding strips of material upon the mandrels it is necessary that means be provided for gripping the en'd of the paper strip while the rst few convolutions are being wound upon the mandrel. lln this stage ofthe operation the two parts of the mandrel are'in engageL ment as shown in Fig. 5, and this figure as well as Fig. 6, shows most clearly the means for gripping the end of the strip of material. This gripping means consists in edect of a small door at the inner end of each mandrel and having its outer face curved to conform to the cylindrical contour of the mandrel. rlhe door is indicated by reference character 84 and it is attached to the mandrel'by a spring-hinge 85 so that itnormally occupies the position indicated in Fig. 6.i ln order that the grip may be conveniently opened lagainst the e'ect of its retaining spring a recess 86 is cut in the outer face of the grip and a hook or any other convenient tool may be inserted in this recess.v

At a subsequent stage of the operation .of forming an article upon the apparatus Jit becomes' necessary to separate the mandrels 1 while retaining the preliminary gonvolutions iii place upon the ends of the mandrel. o Alf though the ends of the strips are retalned by the grips described above there will be a tendency for other portions of the strips lying upon the end of the mandrel to be drawn 0H' and to prevent this a number of pins 87 are provided. ll`hese pins are slidably mounted in bearings 88 on the inside of the mandrel as shown most clearly in Fig. 6.. Each pin is provided with an enlarged inner head between which and the bearing is placed a spring 89 which normally tends to draw .the'pin inwardly so that its point is beneath the outer surface.

4of the mandrel. A

ln order toforce the points of the pins outwardly to engage the paper wound upon the outside of the mandrel a tubular actullt) ator is placed within each section of the mandrel. Each actuator comprises a cylindrical portion 90 of a size to fit closely within the mandrel 'and' an extension 91 of lesser diameter and having its outeredge curved inwardly as at 92 'to act as a cam surface to cause a gradual outward movement of the` pins to force `^their points into the material which has been wound upon the outside of the mandrel. The tubular actuators just described are each provided with a hub 93 to which is connected a rod 94 extending through and out of the end of the mandrel. To limit the inward movement of the actuators the bearingI plates. 88 maybe extended along the inside of the mandrel as shown at 95 in Fig. 1. When the mandrels are in engagement asindicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1 the pins 87 should be withdrawn from beneath the surface of the mandrel. The actuators .for the pins should therefore v v occupy the position indicated in dotted lines in this figure with the'edges 92 spaced apart from the heads of the pins. To insure that the actuators cannot be moved beyond this limiting positionA adjustable stops 96 are attached to the rods 94 and engage the supports'97, through which the rods move, to limit the inwardmovement of the latter.

In the manufacture of certain articles, especially those that are' for the purpose of holding certain liquids," it is necessary toA apply a coating of liquid-proof material to the interior of the article. This may be 35 done conveniently during the process of forming the article, and for this purpose a pipe 98 isled through one of the lrods 94 which is made tubular 'for this purpose. rThis pipe is provided with apertures at its t0 inner end by whicl'ithe desired liquidmay be sprayed onto 'the interior of the article during the process of'- formation.

J ust prior to the completion of an article upon the apparatus it is necessary that present apparatus a knife 100 is provided for this purpose. This knife is mounted between the upper ends of two rods 101, which, 'as shown -most clearly in Fi 3, extend downwardly through the Shel between the two 'sides of the support 54. Both of the rods are surrounded for a portion of their length withspiral springs 102 which are arranged to draw the knife downwardly to cause it to cut the strip of material. To retain the knife in its upper position until the article has assumed its desired form a trigger arrangement is provided. This consists of a rodv 103 passing through a bracket 104 Y formed as a part of the support 54 and carrying at its inner end a member 105. At is lo'uter end the rod 103 is provided with a fork between the prongs of which is a roller 106 and this roller is pressed against the outer surface of the article as it is being the member 105 is underneath a crossbar 108 vbracket 111 extending outwardly from the a strip of material be severed and in the nav/esac formed upon the mandrel by means of a coilspring 107 wound about the rod 103 between the outer end of the bracket and the fork. Until the Aarticle reaches the desired size extending between rods 101. When, however, the article is built up to the desired diameter the portion 105 is forced from underneath the crossbar 108 andthe springs 102 immediately draw the knife into engagement withV the strip of material cutting off the latter.

Connected to the lower ends of rods 101 are bell-crank `levers 110 mounted upon sides of the support 54. Rods 112 are connected to the outer ends of the bell-crank levers and are bent as shown in Fig. 1 and extend through bearings 113 inthe outer ends of the supports 20. Clamped on each rod is a fork 114 the prongs of which fit within clutch sleeve 47. Connected to the outer end of each rod 112 is a lever 115 pivoted at 116 on the bearing40 and extending to a point just above the rod 94 where it is provided with a pin which is normally pressed outward by a small spring. The pin is adapted to engage a collar 117 which is adjustably attached to the rod 94. This collar is provided with an inclined cam-face 118 over which the pin on the end of the lever is adapted to ride as the rod 94 moves outwardly during the longitudinal travel of the mandrel. After the pin h ts passed over the cam it drops behind the latter and thus furnishes a connection by means of which the rod 94 and the pin-actuating member 90 attached thereto may be drawn outwardly by movement of the lever 115 caused by the rod 112 being drawn inwardly under the in- 105 luence' of the spring 102 when the mechanism of knife 100 is released.

Each of the supports 22 has extending from its outer surface a number of brackets 120. These brackets have apertures adapted to receive rods 121 which may be clamped in any position of adjustment by nuts 122. Attached to the outer'ends of these rods is a cellar 123 which closely surrounds the mandrel 23 and which serves as av stop for the 115 outer endv of the finished article when the mandrel is withdrawn from the interior of the article to remove the latter from the apparatus.

A number of wipers 125 are mounted upon 120 a bracket 126 extending forwardly from the top of the support 54, as shown most clearly in Fig. 4. These wipers are normally pressed into engagement with the outer surfacel of the article as it is being formed by 135 means of springs 127 which surround the rods 128 by means of which the wipers are carried. The free ends of these rods are provided with adjustable stops 129 which may be retained in `any desired position by 130 lill amarante which should be retained upon the strips of material `during the lwinding operation. For the purpose of wetting the materlal preparatory to the winding operation the jets' 131 above and below the strip of material n are provided.

lBeneath the central portions of the apparatus and in position to receive the finished articles as they are released from the machine isa trough. 132 Iwhich may be led to any convenient point to which it is desired to convey the completed articles.

lFig. 1 represents the conditions of the apparatus afteri an article such as a barrel has been formed thereon and just prior to the release of the knife 100 to cut'theistrip of material. ln describing a complete cycle of operation of the apparatus it will be most convenient to consider the latter in its nor mal condition, that is, with` the-two sections ofthe mandrel placed together as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The end ,of the strip of material of which the article is to be formed is drawn over roller 53, over plate 55, under the knives 5,6 and 100, the

latter of which should at this time be in its. raised position, between the jets 131 and over the surface of the mandrel where it is retained under the grips 84 which for convenience should be brought into position just above the knife 67. 'lhe apparatus is then ready to, be started into action to perform the winding operation. rlhis act is per-` formed by operating the reversing gear 34 to connect the power shaft 25 to the belt drive to cause the shaft 29 to rotate in the proper direction to cause rotation of the two sections of the mandrel through the gears 28 and 27. At the same time that the mandrel is started into operation the supply of water or other liquid' which is used to moisten the adhesive with which the strips of material have previously been coated is turned on and this water flowing through the jets 131, thoroughly meistens the material before it is wound upon the mandrel. Since the material which is wound upon the mandrel during the initial operation of the apparatus'l forms the ends or chimes of the barrel it is necessary that it b e slit in two parts when the winding operation starts.

@rdinarily the knife 56 will of itself be sumcient to .properly slit the material, but the knife 67, working in vthe same slit and against l,the surface' of the strip as it is wound upon the mandrel, will insure that the strip is thoroughly eut. Since the man drel sections-.are in engagement the springs 81 will draw the inner ends of the levers 72 toward the center of the machine so that the cam 82 is in position to permit the knives,`

members 44 and 45 should be thrown into engagement to superimpose upon the rotary motion of the sections of the mandrel a longitudinal movement of each of them to form the intermediate portions of the barrel. Clutch members 44 and 45. may be thrown into engagement by drawing the handle 80 forwardly to rotate the bell-crank levers 79 and swing the clutch members 45 into engagement with the members l44 which are driven by the pulleys 43 and 49 and belt 48 from shaft 29. Since in this condition of the apparatus the inner ends of the levers 7 2 are by the springs 81 the pins 75 will' be at the outer ends of the slots in levers 76, so that these levers may be swung to cause engagement of the clutch members without engaging the pins 75 to disturb thepositions ofA the rods 7 4 and the cam 82 which is attached to one 4of these rods; Rotation of the screws 39 will, through the nuts 38 on the ends of the brackets 37 cause a gradual separation of the two sections :of the mandrel. At the same time the mandrel is'being rotated so that ther result of these two movements of the mandrel will be to wind each half of the stripof material in the form of a spiral with successive convolutions displaced slightly with respectto the preceding convolutions. The amount by which each convolution overlaps the other will depend upon the relative rotar man rel and this relation may be changed as desired for did'erent articles by shiftingthe belts 48 upon the diderent faces of the pulleys 43 and 49. While in the simple ernbodinient of the invention illustratedv herein eld toward the center of the machine lill hlt

Aloe

lltlh and longitudinal movements of each lll@ ini

volutions' the longitudinalspee of themandrels mustbe increased with respect to their speed of rotation. Unthe other hand,.if it 'be desired to forni the inclined portion of the article with a relatively large number of closely spaced convolutions the longitudinal V speed of the mandrels should4 berelatively VSmall as compared with their rotary speed.l

By providing driving connections whereby the ratio may be varied during the process of manufacturing an article, it is possible to vary the relative displacement of the convolutions from one end of the article to the other during the process of formation. ln many cases this will be desirable as it will permit an article to be formed relatively' thin at one portion.

As shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 the pins 87 are at the beginning of the operation retracted below the outer surface of the mandrel and they occupy this position as long as the preliminary winding of the material is taking place. As soon, however, as the portion and thick at another mandrels begin to move longitudinally the ends of the pins will come into engagement with the inclined edges 92 of the actuators 90 which are within the. mandrel. A further travel ofthe mandrels will cause these pins to ride up over the edges 92 and onto the cylindrical faces 91 of the actuators. When this occurs the points of the pins will be forced outwardly into engagement with the inside ofthe rolls of paper forming the chimes of the barrel. When the mandrels rial is being spirally wound into its desired shape.

The spiral winding operation of the material will continue until the collars 70 on the mandrel sections come into engagement with the ends of the levers 72, thus tending to force the latter outwardly and through the pins-75 actuating the levers 76, disengaging clutch. members 44 and 45, causing further longitudinal-movement of the mandrels to cease. Atthe 'same time the cam 82 will be moved' into the position shown in Fig. 1 causing the rod to be moved forwardly to remove the knife' 67 from in contact with the paper and through the bell lever 59 and rod 58 lifting the knlfe 56 outv of its cutting erations occurthe parts of the apparatus will occupy substantially the relative positions shown in Fig. 1 and the mandrels will occupysuch a positionthat the ends of the article have come against the stop rings 123. Although longitudinal movement of the mandrels has ceased, they are still in rotation and the eifect of this latter movement will be to wind a number of convolutions about c5 the central or bilge portion of the barrel.A

position. At the time when the above op- La7/aseo The material will not be cut during this winding operation since the cutters 56 and 67 are out of contactwith the strip. The winding operation of the bilge portion will continue until the size of the latter has increased so that roller 106 has been forced inwardly until member 105 )asses out of its normal position 4beneath rod 108, whereupon the latter will drop and cause the knife 100 to cut off the strip' of material. At thesame time the depression of aims 101 under the action of the springs 102 will, through the bell-crank levers '110, cause the rods112 to be Adrawn inwardly, and this motion of the rods will cause clutch members 46 and 47 to be drawn into engagement to again start the screws 39 into operation. There will be an appreciable interval of time between the release of knife 100 and the final engagement of clutch members 46 and 47, and during this time the continued rotation of the mandrel sections will be sufficient to wind the free end of the strip of material onto the article, the wiper 125 which engages it, assisting in this operation.

When the mandrel sections have reached the outer limits of longitudinal travel, as

shown in Fig. 1, the collars 117 on the rods 94 will have passed under the pins on the ends of ,levers 115 as shown most clearly in this same figure. There is thus a connection between the levers 115 and the rods 94, so that when the rods 112 are actuated by the springs 102 an outward swing of the ends of levers 115 will take place drawing the actuators 90 within the mandrels, and permitting' the pins to be withdrawn from engagement with the chimes of the barrel. On account of the fact that clutch members 46 and 47 have been thrown into enga ement the mandrels will now be given a rther outward longitudinal movement, but since the ends of the article are in en a ement with the stop rings 123 the result w1ll e that the ends of the vmandrels will be withdrawn from the interior of the finished barrel and the latter will be released and fall into the chute 132, by which it is conveyed away. The apparatus should then be restored to its initial condition for theformation of another article. To move the mandrels toward each other the reversing gear 34 is operated to cause a reverse'rotation of the shaft 29 and this reverse rotation will, through the screws v39, cause the mandrel sections to travel toward each other.' Before the mandrel sections are, however, started into movement approaching each other, theylever arms 115 should be released from engagement with,

the collars 117, but should be retained in eX- tre'ne position so that the clutch members 46 and 47 are in engagement to permit the screws/89 to be driven from the shaft 29 to restore the mandrel sections to their normal position. As the mandrel sections approach nar/onto .pushin them inwardly byv means of the rods 94 until the stops 96 on these' rods engagel the supports 9 7, at which timethe actuators will occupy the correct position with relation to the engaging mandrels.

The operation of forming articles such as -pails or tubs upon the apparatus is substantially the same as thatdescribed with reference to the barrel except that the knives 56 and 67 are retained in contact with thestrip of material throughout .the entire operation,

so that instead of windin the strip in un- -cut condition to form the bllge, as in the case of the barrel, the strip is slit to form the top edges of the two articles, which in this case are formed simultaneously on the apparatus.

The various stepsv in the operation of forming an article are shown most vclearly in Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive.l rllhe first of these hgures shows the mandrels in engaging position with a few convolutions of material wound thereon and the lrnife 67- cutting the strips of material as they are being wound. Eig.. 8 shows the position of the mandrel sections at the time when longitudinal movement Iof the latter has ceased and the article is in the form ofthe spirally wound convolutions just preparatory to applying the extra convolutions which form the bilge portion and which are shown in Fig.. 9 where the lili knife is out of contact with the material and Aa number of convolutions of the uncut material have beenwound to form the bilge.

The finished article is shown in, lBig. 10 and the dotted lines indicate the inner contour of the article. llt the article is abarrel, as

it is in this ligure, it would be necessary to apply heads thereto and for this purpose disks of woodor other suitable material hav-A ing slightly tapered edges are driven into the chimes of the barrel and by their wedg- The nished article may be painted or covered with any suitable preservativeand in man cases Yif it 'is tobe used as a conf' tainer or liquids, it will be treated upon the inside with a suitable substance to vrender the materialr impervious to the contained paratively thin and maybe used as centaine ers where great strength is' not required.

hand side of themachine.

'lhe apparatus of Fig. 11 comprises two similar mandrels 135 mounted upon the ends ofv shafts 136 which are sup orted in suitable bearings 137. A 'lhe shals' are adapted to be rotated by gear wheels 138 which are splined upon the shafts so that the latter may be moved with respect to the gear wheels to permitA longitudinal movement of the mandrels. 'lhe gear wheels are driven from a belt 139 connected to any source 'of power. 'llhe right-hand gQear-wheel 138 engages a second gear-wheel 140 on a shaft 141 mounted in bearings 142 andat the other endv of this shaft is a correspondin gearwheel140 which engages with the le-hand gear-'wheel 138 to cause rotation of the corresponding. mandrel. The shaft -141 has over a portion of its length screw-threads of opposite pitch and preferably the shaft is made up of two sections connected together by. a coupling 143. Upon each of the threaded ortions of the. section of the shaft are trave ers 144 which, at their free ends,

rest against stops 145 attached to the shafts 136 of the mandre1s.. As the shaft 141 is rotated during the winding operation the travelers 144-will be carried awayl from each other gradually causing theseparationof the two mandrels. Sincevthe mandrels are also at this time in rotation the result will be a spiral winding ofthe material which will continue until the travelers 144 reach such a point that theirl free ends engage cam surfaces 146 mounted on any convenient supports near the mandrel shaft.. rlhe free ends of the travelers'will ride upon the inclined camfaces, thus causing the travelers to be lifted out of engagement with the stops 145 to prevent further longitudinal movement of themandrels. The latter then may be given sucient additional rotary movement to form the central or bilge portion of the article. At the time when the mandrels reach their limit of longitudinal movement the ends of the article come in contact with stops 147, which are in the form of nxed rings surrounding the mandrel,l and which retain the article while themandrel sections are being withdrawntherefrom to release the article. The last-named operation is effected bymeans of a rod 148 which isconnected to a. bell-cranlr lever 149 having at its outer end a slot 150 fitting over a pin 151 projecting from the stop 145 at the leftsimilar lever 152 is provided at the other side of the machine and as a slot engaging a correspondingpin on he collar 145. This second lever is ypivoted at 153 and connected by means of a rod 154 with the lever 149 so thatwhen the latter is actuated there will be a simultaneous movement of the lever 152l with the result Vthat the two mandrel sections are given a further separation to withdraw them from the interior of the nished artilllli l cle and allow the latter to be released. In

connection with the apparatus described above any convenient arrangement of knives for slitting the material into strips, and jets for moistening it, may be used.

fln somecases it may be desirable to use strips-of material not previously coated .with

an adhesive substance, and in such cases hot or cold liquid adhesive may be applied through one or both of the jets 131, and the wipers 125 may or may not be used as de sired, and when expedient the jets 16,1 may* be utilized to spray dry powdered adhesives during the winding operation. In the latter case a powdered substance would be used which would have the power of homogeneously uniting the convolutions under the intluence of heat 'which may be applied in dry kilns after the articles are removed 'from the mandrels. Substances such' as powdered asphaltum may be used in Athis. manner to make articles which would be waterproofed thereby between each convolution of the material of which-the article is formed.

It will be understood that various changes `in the `details of lthe processes described above may be made without departing from the principle .of the invention.

I claim: v

1. The process of making hollow articles, which consists in winding spirals in single planes, and thereafter displacing the successive convolutions ,of the spirals axiallyV ends and convolutions having spaced edges to form a body.

4. The process ofmaking hollow articles which consists in winding strips of slitted material into convolutions with matched edges to form ends, then winding the strips into convolutions having spaced edges to form a body and subsequently winding-a strip of the material which has not been slitted into convolutions having matched yedges to form a central reinforcement.

5. The process of making hollow articles which consists in xwinding strips of material into convolutionsv to form end reinforcementsLconvolutions to form body portions and convolutions to form a central rein# forcement. v j

6. The process of making hollow articles which consists in eonvolutely windin strips of material to form end rings, y porrames@ tions and a central ring uniting the adjacent ends of the body portions.

7. rlhe process of making hollow articles which consists in convolutely winding strips of material in paths at right angles to the axis of the convolutions to form end-g rings and then winding said strips in integral convolutions having oppositely displaced spaced edges to form body portions.

8. The process of making hollow articles zwhich consists in slitting a strip of material,

tegral portions of a strip of material into' convolute sections, and subsequently joining-"-said sections by overlapplng convolutions.

11. The process of making hollow articles which consists in simultaneously forming end portions by convolute windings in singleA planes and subsequently simultaneously forming oppositely directed tapered body spect to each other.

l12. The process of making hollow articles bysimultaneousl forming'two tapered body portions by win ing integral strips of material in similar oppositely directed spiral paths.

13. The process of makin hollow articles which consists in convolute y winding continuous strips of material into inner reinforcing bands, oppositely tapering spirally wound body portions and outer reinforcing bands.'

14; -The process of making hollow articles which consists in winding strips of material to form inner end rings, followed by forming body portions and finally by forming an outer ring to join the said body portions together.

15. The process of making hollow articles, which consists in winding strips of material into the form of oppositely directed elongated spirals, winding one end of each strip as a cylindrical band about one end of each spiral, and permanently uniting the convolutions of material to each other.

16.' The process of making hollow articles which eonslsts in winding strips of material in the form' of cylindrical bands, continuing the winding operation while giving the strips axial displacement, in opposite directions and finally winding the strips in the portions by displacing the windings with renaraeao form of cylindrical bands about the adjacent ends ofthe spirally Wound portions.

17. The process of making hollow articles, which consists in simultaneously winding a plurality of strips of material iny splral form and displacing the convolutions with 'respect to each other in opposite directions placed spira'lly-wound portions of the article.-

19. rlhe process of forming a barrel, which consists in slitting a band of material into a plurality of strips,winding the strips thus produced in the formof adjacent flat spirals to form the chimes of the barrel, separating the chime portions while continuing the winding of the strips whereby the convolutions of the strips assume the form of elongated spirals, stopping the slitting operation and winding the band of material about the central `portieri of the barrel t'o form the bilge thereof.

20. rlhe process of formin a barrel, which consists in slitting a band 0% material into a plurality of strips, winding the strips thus produced in the form of adjacent Hat spirals to form the chimes of the barrel, separating the chime portions While continuing the winding of the strips whereby convolutions of the strips assume the form of elongated spirals, stopping the slitting operation,

Winding the band of material about the central portion of the barrel to form the bilge thereof, and forcing wedge-shaped closure plates Within the interior of the chime portions to form the heads of the barrel.

2l. The rocess of makin hollow articles,`

which conslsts in slitting a and of material treated with an adhesive, winding the strips thus produced in the form of adjacent Hat coils, separating the coils while continuing the winding operation to canse the convolutions thereof to assume the form of elongated spirals, stopping the slittingoperation', and Winding the band about the central portion of the article.

22. The process of making hollow7 articles i j GEORGE C. SNYDER. 

